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意大利国家电力公司（ENEL），意大利电力工业早期主要由私营企业经营，1962年后根据"公共电业国有法"，政府接管了全国的私营电力公司，组建了国有的意大利国家电力公司（ENEL），对发、输、配电采用垂直一体化管理体制，是意大利最大的发电供电商。意大利国家电力公司目前在意大利全国的客户数量有3千万户，占整个意大利的87%。
意大利国家电力公司是欧洲惟一通过ISO14001认证的能源企业。旗下主要有电力和天然气两大业务分支。天然气公司（EnelReteGas）2005年销售天然气52亿立方米，市场份额占12%。除此之外，意大利国家电力公司还有电力、能源设备制造、环保设备制造、研究开发、新型能源开发等公司和机构20多个。
在国外独资、合资以及参股的公司有10余家，主要分布在西班牙、斯洛伐克、罗马尼亚、保加利亚。在南美、北美设有清洁能源开发公司。该公司2005年销售额为423亿欧元。在2006年度《财富》杂志评出的世界500家最大公司中列第132位。主要技术优势：意大利国家电力公司在国际上比较领先的技术包括：清洁能源技术、农村能源技术、水电厂的设计、施工技术和火力发电厂的环保技术。意大利国家电力公司ENEL是全球第三大电力公司，是意大利国内最大的国有公共事业企业。与美国、法国、罗马尼亚等国家有着密切的合作。
EnelS是一家业绩优良的意大利国有控股公司，2003年营业收入超过310亿欧元，净利润达25亿欧元。它是意大利第一大电力供应商，在国内拥有超过4500万kW的总装机容量，约3000万用电客户，它还是意大利第二大天然气销售供应商，为190万用户提供天然气。此外，它还是全球再生能源利用方面的前导企业，在西班牙、北美和拉丁美洲等地区有广泛影响。EnelS在资本市场也占据重要地位。1999年11月EnelS分别在米兰和纽约证券交易所首次公开发行了价值165.5亿欧元的股票，占国有股权的32%，是迄今欧洲规模最大、全球排名第二的IPO，股东人数达到250万。1998年10月，意大利政府又通过摩根斯坦利成功抛售了6.6%的国有股权，获得21.7亿欧元的收入。在《商业周刊》评选的2003年度全球股票市值最大的1000家公司排行榜中，EnelS名列第77位。
1992年，ENEL成为联合股份公司，到1999年11月，ENEL售出了34.5%的股份并在米兰和纽约股票交易所上市。当时约有300万人买进了该股，使之成为意大利持有最为广泛的股票。1999年底，ENEL抽资脱离3个独立的发电公司，这3个公司分别是：最大的Eruogen公司，位居第2的Elettrogen公司和Interpower公司，他们的总发电容量为1500万kW。
2000年5月，ENEL将它的26座水电站卖给了一家合资公司，该公司将负责这些电站以及相关输变电网的运行。2000年4月意大利国家电力调度中心（GRTN）正式开始运行，财政部拥有其全部股份。GRTN受工业部和其他政府部门领导，与电网的拥有者是合同关系。GRTN的主要职责是管理输电和调度；根据安全、可靠性及经济标准明确网络的检修和发展计划；与电网拥有者签定合同。GRTN下又成立了2个公司，即市场运行者(MO)公司和单一购买者（SB）公司。GRTN对这2个公司拥有100%的股份。
2003年10月，为提高机构投资者持有量，意大利经济部作价22亿欧元将该公司6.6%的股权出售给摩根士丹利(MorganStanley)。意大利经济部现今直接持有ENEL公司50%的股票，通过国有信贷机构CassaDepositiePrestiti间接持有该公司10%的股票。
Italian national electric power company (Enel), in the early stage of Italian electric power industry, was mainly operated by private enterprises. After 1962, according to the "state law of public electric power industry", the government took over the national private electric power company, and established the state-owned Italian national electric power company (Enel), which adopts the vertical integrated management system for power generation, transmission and distribution. It is the largest power generation and supply provider in Italy. At present, the number of customers in Italy is 30 million, accounting for 87% of the whole country. Italian state power company is the only energy enterprise in Europe that has passed ISO14001 certification. It has two main business branches: power and natural gas. In 2005, Enel retegas sold 5.2 billion cubic meters of natural gas, accounting for 12% of the market. In addition, there are more than 20 companies and institutions including electric power, energy equipment manufacturing, environmental protection equipment manufacturing, research and development, new energy development, etc. There are more than 10 wholly-owned, joint-venture and joint-stock companies abroad, mainly distributed in Spain, Slovakia, Romania and Bulgaria. There are clean energy development companies in South America and North America. The company had sales of 42.3 billion euros in 2005. Ranked 132nd out of the world's 500 largest companies by Fortune magazine in 2006. Main technical advantages: the leading technologies of Italian state power company in the world include clean energy technology, rural energy technology, design and construction technology of hydropower plants and environmental protection technology of thermal power plants. Enel is the third largest power company in the world and the largest state-owned public enterprise in Italy. It has close cooperation with the United States, France, Romania and other countries. Enels is an Italian state-owned holding company with excellent performance. In 2003, its operating revenue exceeded 31 billion euros and its net profit reached 2.5 billion euros. It is the largest power supplier in Italy, with a total installed capacity of more than 45 million kW in China and about 30 million customers. It is also the second largest natural gas sales supplier in Italy, providing 1.9 million users with natural gas. In addition, it is a global leader in renewable energy utilization, with extensive influence in Spain, North America and Latin America. Enels also plays an important role in the capital market. In November 1999, enels issued shares worth 16.55 billion euros for the first time in Milan and New York Stock Exchange respectively, accounting for 32% of the state-owned shares. It is the largest IPO in Europe and the second largest in the world, with 2.5 million shareholders. In October 1998, the Italian government successfully sold 6.6% of the state-owned shares through Morgan Stanley, and obtained 2.17 billion euros of income. Enels ranked 77th on BusinessWeek's list of the top 1000 companies with the largest market value in 2003. In 1992, Enel became a joint stock company. By November 1999, Enel sold 34.5% of its shares and listed them on the Milan and New York stock exchanges. About 3 million people bought the stock at the time, making it the most widely held in Italy. At the end of 1999, Enel withdrew funds from three independent power generation companies: the largest eruogen company, the second elettrogen company and interpower company, with a total power generation capacity of 15 million KW. In May 2000, Enel sold its 26 hydropower stations to a joint venture company, which will be responsible for the operation of these stations and related transmission and transformation grids. In April 2000, Italy's national power dispatching center (grtn) officially began to operate, and the Ministry of Finance owns all its shares. Grtn is led by the Ministry of industry and other government departments and has a contractual relationship with the owner of the grid. Grtn's main responsibilities are to manage transmission and dispatching; to define network maintenance and development plan according to safety, reliability and economic standards; and to sign contracts with grid owners. Two more companies have been established under grtn, namely market operator (MO) Company and single buyer (sb) company. Grtn owns 100% of the two companies. In October 2003, in order to increase the holding of institutional investors, the Italian Ministry of economy sold 6.6% of the company to Morgan Stanley for 2.2 billion euros. The Italian Ministry of economy now holds 50% of Enel directly and 10% indirectly through cassa depositie prestige, a state-owned credit institution.
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