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巴西国家石油公司（petrobras）成立于1953年10月3日，也被简称为巴西石油公司，是一个以石油为主体、上下游一体化跨国经营的国家石油公司。当时第2004号法令宣布巴西的石油工业始于19世纪末期。1917年，国营企业石油国家垄断，巴西石油公司不仅参与石油政策的制定、执行，还统管巴西石油的勘探、开发、生产、运输及企业的经营管理，是巴西政府政企合一的国营企业。

1997年巴西政府颁布第9478号法令，规定自1997年8月6日起，将石油管理实行政企分开，在巴西矿业能源部增设巴西国家石油管理局（AgenciaNacionaldoPetroleo-ANP），负责巴西石油政策的制定和行业监督管理。巴西国家石油公司按照市场经济规律实行企业自主经营，原其勘探开发生产的资源资产全部重新划分给巴西石油公司。法令规定巴西石油公司由联邦政府控股50%，在注册资本原始股中联邦政府占51%（注册资本分有投票表决权的原始股和无表决权的优先股）。第9478号法令的宣布，打破了巴西石油由巴西石油公司一统天下的局面，巴西石油公司的子公司可以与本国或外国企业合资，外国石油公司陆续进入巴西。

巴西石油管理局对新油田的勘探开发和生产一律采取招标的方式，巴西石油公司与其他公司均可参加竞标。但法律规定巴西石油公司在参加竞标时，可通过邀请函形式，对所招标设备物资和服务价格予以保证和供应允诺前提下，可签定同等优先合同。巴西石油公司为本身业务需要，对所需设备物资及服务已简化其招标程序。由于巴西石油公司占有巴西绝大部分陆地和海上石油和天然气油田，多年经营已使巴西石油公司成为巴西各行业的龙头老大，是巴西最大的石油骨干企业。2002年在英国金融时报评出的世界500强中排名第214位（巴西仅两家进入500强，另一家是巴西淡水河谷公司）。

Petrobras was founded on October 3, 1953, also known as Petrobras. It is a national oil company with oil as the main body and integrated upstream and downstream transnational operation. At that time, Decree No. 2004 announced that Brazil's oil industry began in the late 19th century. In 1917, the state-owned enterprise oil state monopoly, Petrobras not only participate in the formulation and implementation of oil policy, but also manage the exploration, development, production, transportation and business management of Petrobras. Petrobras is a state-owned enterprise with government and enterprise integration. In 1997, the Brazilian government issued Decree No. 9478, stipulating that since August 6, 1997, the oil management should be separated from the government and the enterprise, and the Brazilian Ministry of mines and energy should establish the Brazilian State Petroleum Administration (Agencia nacionaldo Petroleo ANP), which is responsible for the formulation of Brazil's oil policy and the supervision and management of the industry. Petrobras operates on its own in accordance with the law of market economy, and all its original exploration and development resources and assets are redistributed to Petrobras. According to the law, Petrobras is controlled by the federal government by 50% and the federal government accounts for 51% of the original shares of the registered capital (the registered capital is divided into the original shares with voting rights and the preferred shares without voting rights). The announcement of Decree No. 9478 broke the situation that Petrobras was under the control of Petrobras. Petrobras' subsidiaries could joint venture with domestic or foreign enterprises, and foreign oil companies successively entered Brazil. The Brazilian Petroleum Authority will invite bids for the exploration, development and production of new oil fields. Petrobras and other companies can participate in the bidding. However, Petrobras is required by law to sign a contract with equal priority when participating in the bidding, on the premise of guaranteeing the price of the bidding equipment, materials and services through invitation letter and supply promise. Petrobras has simplified its bidding procedures for the required equipment, materials and services for its own business needs. Because Petrobras owns most of the land and offshore oil and gas fields in Brazil, Petrobras has become the leader in various industries and the largest oil backbone enterprise in Brazil after years of operation. In 2002, it ranked 214th among the world's top 500 by the financial times (only two in Brazil, the other is vale).

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